Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003) - Mali (2005)

Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003) z Mali (2005)

	Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003)	Mali (2005)

Administrative divisions	-	8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 47.1% (male 2,910,944/female 2,876,010) 15-64 years: 50% (male 2,955,496/female 3,185,666) 65 years and over: 3% (male 165,867/female 197,546) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports	-	28 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 19 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 1.24 million sq km land: 1.22 million sq km water: 20,000 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC	slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background	These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.	The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. After his reelection in 1997, President Alpha KONARE continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE.
Birth rate	-	46.77 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $764 million expenditures: $828 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002 est.)
Capital	-	Bamako
Climate	antarctic	subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
Coastline	101.9 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	adopted 12 January 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands	conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Death rate	-	19.05 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	-	$3.3 billion (2000)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Heritage	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Vicki HUDDLESTONE embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako telephone: [223] (2) 223-833 FAX: [223] (2) 223-712
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoulaye DIOP chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$596.4 million (2001)
Economy - overview	No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing around the islands.	Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert and with a highly unequal distribution of income. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export, along with gold. The government has continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2004. Worker remittances and external trade routes have been jeopardized by continued unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire.
Electricity - consumption	-	651 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2002)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	-	700 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m	lowest point: Senegal River 23 m highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Environment - current issues	NA	deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Exchange rates	-	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi MAIGA (since 30 April 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (two-term limit); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6%
Exports	-	NA
Exports - commodities	-	cotton, gold, livestock
Exports - partners	-	China 31.6%, Pakistan 10%, Italy 6.9%, Thailand 5.8%, Germany 5.1%, India 4.8%, Bangladesh 4.5%, Taiwan 4% (2004)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 45% industry: 17% services: 38% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $900 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	4% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	53 06 S, 72 31 E	17 00 N, 4 00 W
Geography - note	-	landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
Highways	-	total: 15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 40.4% (1994)
Imports	-	NA
Imports - commodities	-	petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners	-	France 14.5%, Senegal 9.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.6% (2004)
Independence	-	22 September 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA (FY96/97)
Industries	-	food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 116.79 deaths/1,000 live births male: 123.32 deaths/1,000 live births female: 110.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	4.5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	1,380 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force	-	3.93 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture and fishing 80% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 3.82% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 96.15% (2001)
Languages	-	French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Legal system	the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply	based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 July and 28 July 2002 (next to be held July 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Hope 2002 coalition 66, ADEMA 51, other 30
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 48.64 years male: 46.68 years female: 50.66 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 46.4% male: 53.5% female: 39.6% (2003 est.)
Location	islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica	Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Map references	Antarctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols	-
Military branches	-	Army, Air Force, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$22.4 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	0.4% (2004)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Nationality	-	noun: Malian(s) adjective: Malian
Natural hazards	Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island	hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
Natural resources	fish	gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Net migration rate	-	-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA
Population	uninhabited (July 2003 est.)	12,291,529 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	64% average; 30% of the total population living in urban areas; 70% of the total population living in rural areas) (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	-	2.74% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Koulikoro
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 1, FM 28, shortwave 1 note: the shortwave station in Bamako has seven frequencies and five transmitters and relays broadcasts for China Radio International (2001)
Railways	-	total: 729 km narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Religions	-	Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	56,600 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	250,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (plus repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky	mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Total fertility rate	-	6.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.)
Waterways	none	1,815 km (2004)

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